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Background/purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Learning Leader Competency Test in South Korean university students. Based on the analysis of previous studies, this study defined the concept of learning leader competencies, consisting of cognitive, motivational, and behavioral domains. Materials/methods. A total of 638 university students participated in the study and data were collected via online survey. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted using principal axis factoring and Oblimin rotation. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed using maximum likelihood and goodness indices such as IFI, TLI, CFI and RMSEA. Construct, convergent, discriminant, and cross-validities were tested. Results: The Learning Leader Competency Test consists of 23 items and three factors; knowledge, thinking, and problem solving; learning goal orientation and self-determination; and constructive self-expectation and caring for the community. The test's reliability (Cronbach's [alpha] = 0.856) and validity were confirmed. Conclusion: This study defines the concept of learning leader competency and identifies the subcomponents of learning leader competency into the cognitive, motivational, and behavioral domains. This test may be applied in order to determine the extent to which university students possess the competency of becoming a leader in learning.

Colleges and universities are seeing growth of Latinx students actively engaged in Greek life. In this study, six Latino participants share their testimonios as members of different Chapters of a Latinx Greek Letter Organization (LGLO) nestled within Predominantly White Institutions located in the state of Georgia, USA. Informed by LatCrit theory, this qualitative study uses member's testimonios to shed light on their varied and sometimes politically charged and racist lived experiences. The researchers draw on these experiences to show how the LGLO supported these members' character and leadership development and their desire and commitment to critical service and socially just causes.

The year 2020 brought not only the COVID-19 pandemic but also a wave of racial injustice, which impacted many in the U.S. and beyond. Combined, these phenomena have been characterized as dual pandemics, which introduced new demands that forced faculty to redesign aspects of their doctoral programs to ensure sustainability during the pandemic and post-pandemic era. The purpose of this essay is to highlight changes we made to sustain our EdD program during and post dual pandemics. We achieve this by employing Ginwright's (2022) four pivots and brown's (2017) emergent leadership as a framework and to conceptualize how we transitioned from viewing the events of 2020 as problems to embracing the possibilities they offered for the present and future of our EdD program. Practical implications and recommendations for this work are discussed to offer EdD faculty ways to design, develop, and sustain their doctoral programs in the post-pandemic era.

The COVID-19 pandemic heightened the tensions between rural community needs and politicized state-level school closure mandates. District leaders faced competing demands of meeting the basic needs of vulnerable families, supporting the mental health of students and teachers, protecting the health of all community members, and creating new opportunities for learning. This study examines how rural district leaders responded to these challenges through the lens of caring. This lens highlights how district leaders responded to their contexts, as well as their perceptions of student, family, and staff needs in ethically grounded and politically savvy ways. We draw on semi-structured interviews with 12 rural district leaders in eight districts. District leaders in this study described caring as something that is intentionally enacted and identified several aspects that contributed to a caring district: a welcoming culture, taking an interest in individuals, prioritizing wellbeing, developing relationships, extending empathy and grace for people, and helping individuals see themselves as part of a larger community. Leaders made efforts to set the tone for and model care, build relationships with students, teachers, parents, and community members, and enact servant leadership to support others. We conclude by examining the ways that applying an ethic of care illustrates how leaders identify needs and the strategies they use to respond to those needs in a responsive, place-attuned way.

The aim of this paper is to identify the characteristics that leadership must have in order to make a Professional Learning Community sustainable. A review of the literature is carried out from a qualitative perspective allowing us to identify a set of emerging themes from the literature studied. Among the results, it is highlighted that in order to achieve professional learning communities with sustainable leadership, it is necessary to distribute responsibilities, reflect jointly on what is taught and why, establish external relations with other institutions and schools, and care the emotional well-being of members of a school community.

This study investigated the relationship between the perceived authentic leadership of college students and their innovation behavior according to social cognitive theory and further explored the mediating effect of trust climate and creative self-efficacy on this relationship. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and more than 847 samples were collected from college students in China. The results revealed that the perceived authentic leadership of college students had a significant and positive impact on their innovation behavior. Trust climate had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between college students' perceived authentic leadership and innovation behavior. In addition, creative self-efficacy had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between college students' perceived authentic leadership and innovation behavior. Furthermore, trust climate and creative self-efficacy had a serial mediating effect on the relationship between college students' perceived authentic leadership and innovation behavior. These results provide theoretical and practical evidence of college students' innovation behavior.

Stereotypical notions and depictions of the German language, its speakers, and cultural practices are more persistent in instructional materials, language program advertisements, and people's minds than one might presume (Bryant et al., 2019; Chavez, 2020a, 2020b; Rothe, 2022). Overcoming such misconceptions requires educators to reconsider curricula and promotional efforts so that they reflect the diverse lived experiences of German speakers and learners (Criser & Malakaj, 2020). To diversify German curricula in the United States, the American Association of Teachers of German (AATG) established a task force in 2020, Creating Safe Spaces (CSS). Its members have developed instructional materials focusing on diversity and inclusion, especially regarding Black, Indigenous, and other Persons of Color (BIPOC) and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Plus (LGBTQ+) communities in the German-speaking world. The materials span various thematic units and language levels and serve as a model for other world language (WL) instructors desirous of making diversity a critical component in their respective curricula. Available free of charge both to AATG members and non-members on the AATG's GETMAPP platform, the instructional activities align with the NCSSFL-ACTFL Can-Do Statements (2017) and the World-Readiness Standards for Learning Languages (2015). This article introduces CSS and showcases sample materials that cover topics commonly found in WL courses--introducing oneself and others, family structures, and living. Considerations regarding the imperative for language professionals' commitment to inclusivity, diversity, and social justice form the framework of this article.

This international comparative study focuses on examining the impacts of Education for Sustainability (EfS) expertise and self-organization, as two aspects of EfS skills and knowledge, on personal and interpersonal outcomes, which is one of the EfS effective in-role performance dimensions. We collected data from 664 academics in Malaysia and Japan, screened the data, and utilized partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test our model. Our findings indicated that both predictors were statistically significant and practically relevant in predicting the outcome variable. In addition, our permutation-based multigroup analysis revealed no significant differences between academics from the two countries in terms of the paths within the model. Notably, the model, based on estimation using the aggregate data, showed a medium level of out-of-sample prediction power. We also examined and interpreted country-specific results and suggested avenues for future research in EfS leadership.

Purpose: In this article, I examine the importance of cultivating critical hope while leading a school through a crisis. I analyze how the concept of critical hope functions when principals use it as a lever to lead toward crisis recovery. The analysis is informed by literature from the fields of education and positive psychology. Research Methods/Approach: For this qualitative study, I used a cross-comparative approach to uncover how principals operationalize critical hope to engender hope throughout their school buildings and maintain a sense of hopefulness to continue leading. To do so, I interviewed 50 principals from across the United States who have led through at least one crisis. Findings: I found that principals are constantly cultivating and engendering critical hope for their schools and for themselves. The findings also suggest that critical hope is essential to a principal leading through a crisis. Implications: This research contributes to our understanding of the relationship between critical hope, crisis, and educational leadership. It also extends research on leadership competencies and dispositions toward effective school leadership postcrisis.

Guided by Bornstein's (2003) model focused on legitimacy within leadership and Latinx critical theory (LatCrit), we explored barriers Latinx leaders encounter on their path to executive roles at Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs) and how their race and gender shaped their professional trajectories. Our findings show that some Latinx leaders may feel the need to conform to white-coded institutional practices to secure and succeed in their roles and that raced and gendered practices may permeate their work, including their hiring. Additionally, participants encountered intragroup animosity or competitiveness "within" the Latinx community, impending and/or complicating their professional experiences and growth. Collectively, the findings encourage HSIs to (a) develop professional development opportunities for Latinxs administrators and (b) actively support their ascension to and experience in executive leadership. The findings also provide insight on how higher education institutions, more broadly, need to consider racial and gender dynamics as part of the ongoing call for leadership transformation.

The purpose of this study was to understand what personal, environmental, and experiential aspects of undergraduate sorority engagement promote relational leadership development. A robust literature review and theories of relational leadership developed for application within the collegiate context provided the foundation for this inquiry. Through use of multilevel modeling, we analyzed a sample of 8,435 undergraduate National Panhellenic Conference sorority women from 172 institutions located within the United States. Results demonstrated the substantial importance of supportive sisterhood at both the individual and group level and showcased how variations in perceptions of sisterhood (e.g., accountability), student involvement (e.g., additional activities), and background characteristics (e.g., SES) affected undergraduate sorority members' relational leadership development. We close by discussing our findings and offering implications for future practice and research.

As ethical issues involving computer technologies and social media become more common, there is increasing interest in what role ethics should play in computer science education. As a result, computer science departments worldwide have ramped up their efforts to examine relevant ethical issues in undergraduate computer science classes to prepare emerging professionals to face relevant issues when they enter the computing workforce. As part of these efforts, a public R-1 Hispanic-Serving Institution located on the United States-Mexico border piloted a leadership course based on the Relational Leadership Model (Komives et al., 2013). This model provides a broad idea of leadership that focuses on leaders developing and exercising their ethical awareness by engaging in discussions of ethical issues. The pilot course was organized around the implementation of a cooperative pedagogical tool known as structured academic controversy (Johnson et al., 1996). We describe in detail the strategy for implementing this approach, discuss key elements of students' final reflections about their participation in the academic controversy, and present the quantitative results to examine students' understanding of leadership and satisfaction with the pilot course.

Purpose: This research aimed to assess the leadership role of principals in the implementation of peace education in selected secondary schools in the Western Cape, South Africa. Design/methodology/approach: This study employed qualitative research approach to assess the leadership role of principals in the implementation of peace education in selected secondary schools in the Western Cape, South Africa. Data were gathered from a small sample of six principals from six selected secondary schools which were engaged in the implementation of a peace education programme, and data were analysed using thematic content analyses. Findings: Findings of the study suggest that principals possess a low level of understanding or awareness of their leadership role in the implementation of peace education. The study pointed out the constraints such as time constraints and learners' negative attitudes and social influences hinder the effective implementation of peace education in selected secondary schools. Research limitations/implications: First, the data were self-reported and therefore subject to social desirability bias; participants may have provided socially desirable responses rather than their true belief or experiences. Thus, participants may have overstated their role in and commitment to the peace education programme. Originality/value: Studies that aim to explore alternative approaches to combat violence, such as peace education, are still limited in South Africa. Hence, this paper served to close that gap by contributing to the growing body of research on the leadership role of the principal in the implementation of peace education in the school and exploring barriers hampering its effective implementation.

Purpose: Grounding on the goal-setting theory and flow theory, this study explored the mechanism underlying the association between transfer design (TD); identical elements and training transfer (TT). Specifically, the authors explored a moderated mediation process of trainer performance and motivation to improve work through learning (MTIWL) that has received less consideration in the TT literature. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected using the retro-perspective survey method. The first survey was administered offline (t1: the day when leadership intervention was completed. Subsequently, trainees were requested to participate in an online survey (t2: 12-14 weeks later). In all, 355 executives participated. Findings: The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses suggested that trainees' MTIWL mediational impact between leadership intervention triggers (transfer design and identical elements), and TT was supported. In addition, the indirect impact of these variables on TT was found to be significant when the trainer had high performance than when it was low. This confirmed the trainer's performance as a potential moderator in the TT process. Practical implications: This study is limited to the exploration of leadership intervention variables on TT. The findings have implications for leadership professionals and scholars who use leadership intervention and motivation metrics to predict TT. Originality/value: This study offers a moderated mediation mechanism for enhancing TT through leadership intervention triggers. The proposed conceptual model included MTIWL as mediator and trainer performance during leadership intervention as moderator.

Purpose: This article illustrates the transformational nature of servant leadership and its capacity to empower and develop others. In it, I recount my close relationship with a high school mentor who embodied the key tenants of Greenleaf's (1970) servant leadership philosophy. I also advocate for others to provide mentorship and support in a similar fashion. Design/methodology/approach: This Origins contribution was constructed as a reflective narrative in response to a mentorship experience earlier in my life. Findings: A mentorship experience from my youth profoundly shaped my approach to leadership and teamwork that I still embrace to this day. Readers are asked to consider the power of servant leadership in their own lives. Originality/value: Students of leadership can utilize this reflective essay as a touchstone for further classroom discussion.

Prior to 2020, schools across the nation undertook school discipline reform. Then, the COVID-19 pandemic struck. Unknown is whether schools remained steadfast in their commitment to restorative practice (RP). The current case study examined student (n = 53-86) and staff surveys (n = 49-62) before and during the pandemic. It also examined the nature of the RP consultancy and leadership values and strategies, based on principal and staff interviews (n = 15). Survey results showed that despite disruption in the trainings and consultation, the school remained steadfast in offering activities to foster community, social emotional learning, and repairing harm. Training data showed that the RP consultancy had an upfront focus on developing leadership capacity. The qualitative analyses found that the principal drew on restorative values focused on relationships, equity, and restoration. Implications are that RP committed leaders combined with a capacity-building RP consultancy may support steadfast implementation of RP.

Purpose: The purpose of this manuscript is to explore an assignment given to students in an online gender and leadership graduate course as a tool to help them think critically about how music influences perceptions of gender roles in both society and leadership. Design/methodology/approach: The assignment directs students to review the current Billboard "Hot 100" chart, which lists the top 100 songs in the United States each week based on sales and streams. Students are prompted to identify a song with gendered themes and discuss how the song portrays women and/or men, what gender stereotypes the song supports or refutes, and whether the messaging is positive or negative in nature. Finally, the students discuss ways that the message in the song could influence the listener's opinion about gender stereotypes and what effect that could have on gendered leadership issues. Findings: Students use this assignment as an opportunity to apply the course material that relates to the importance of gender representation and the influence of media on gender issues in leadership. Originality/value: Recommendations are provided to inspire creative ideas for leadership educators who seek to prepare students to understand organizational challenges related to gender issues in leadership.

Purpose: Using a panel of over 433,000 college students from over 600 institutions of higher education in the USA, we investigate students' opinions of leadership skill development during their undergraduate tenure. Design/methodology/approach: The data used in this analysis come from the Higher Education Research Institute, which runs the Cooperative Institutional Research Program (CIRP) housed at the University of California, Los Angeles. Among others, the CIRP administers two surveys known as The Freshman Survey (TFS) and the College Senior Survey (CSS). Findings: The present research supports the extant literature and conventional wisdom of academic and student affairs professionals with regards to engagement in leadership classes or training where students have an opportunity to increase their knowledge bases through course content, and when there are opportunities for them to apply leadership principles, the students are more likely to report an increase in leadership capacity upon completion of their collegiate degree. Originality/value: If colleges and universities are serious about fulfilling their espoused visions, then it is essential that awareness of leadership courses and applied opportunities be heightened and made a strategic priority to ensure resources are allocated in appropriate places to support these key efforts. It also suggests greater collaboration between academic and student affairs, as well as other departments (e.g. athletics and centers), is needed, as well as prioritizing experiential learning.

Purpose: Current school leadership research has primarily utilized quantitative methods to explore the relationship between leadership and teacher learning. However, there is a notable gap in understanding how principals facilitate professional learning, especially in centralized educational settings. This study aims to address this gap by examining the role of school leadership in enhancing teacher professional learning within a highly centralized education system. Design/methodology/approach: This qualitative case study delves into the lived experiences of 15 teachers and eight school leaders in eight primary schools in Mashhad, Iran. Through semistructured interviews, researchers employed open and axial coding to systematically explore and categorize qualitative data. The study focuses on understanding the role of principal leadership in facilitating teacher professional learning by connecting themes and sub-themes across transcripts. Findings: Effective principals worked on the cultivation of a culture that champions perpetual personal growth and development, the nurturing of a collaborative learning community, and the provision of essential resources and support. Findings showed the pivotal role of principals in promoting teachers' self-development, facilitating idea exchange and acknowledging their efforts. Principals appeared as key to encouraging information sharing, fostering collective learning, promoting professional development, overseeing teaching practices and ensuring the availability of resources to cultivate a supportive climate in a centralized education context. Originality/value: We concluded that in centralized education, leadership practices for promoting teacher learning share similarities and differences with decentralized settings. The findings offer guidance for principals in centralized systems, supporting them in facilitating teacher professional learning in their schools.

This research examines Latino economic elites in Los Angeles who engage in "ethnoracial philanthropy" -- giving to or creating ethnic-centric organisations that focus on alleviating socioeconomic inequalities. We draw on 65 in-depth interviews to provide insights into the ethnoracial educational structures created by Latino elites to facilitate the mobility of Latino youth. We compare three ways in which philanthropy manifests: via the creation of Latino scholarship funds; ethnic-centric charter schools in low-income Latino neighbourhoods; Latino youth leadership programmes comprised of college students from the top 100 universities. These institutions may serve to widen the path to inclusion by creating a distinct ethnoracial integration path via education, contrasting with assimilation theory and the minority culture of mobility framework. However, the focus on education, and not on other issues, benefits those who reproduce the elites' image.

This research explores how educational leaders in Texas navigate issues of anti-Black racism. In this Grounded Theory study, 19 participants engaged in a 90-min interview. They offer firsthand accounts of their experiences in navigating issues of anti-Black racism as well as strategies that they perceive to be necessary in interrogating and rooting out deeply entrenched anti-Blackness even in the face of salient opposition and demand to maintain the status quo. The participants also discuss relevant challenges and benefits to taking such an approach. The themes resulting from this study include: Name it and call it out, Facilitating courageous conversations with faculty, students, and community, Racial equity focused problem solving, and Challenges and benefits of anti-racist school leadership.

E-leadership as one of the new leadership paradigms is located in a wide field of different leadership theories and titles like remote leadership, virtual leadership, digital or distance leadership mean. However, all new leadership styles are mainly influenced by their environment above all by the organisational infrastructure of their companies as well as the individual competencies actual leaders have or need to have in dealing with new media. The following paper shows statistically proven, that the main competencies of e-leadership are e-trust, e-communication and e-technologies and that they are mainly influenced by the organisational infrastructure. The final result of the study contains the finding that information symmetry plays a crucial role in the whole e-leader-follower cooperation, which could be further explored in future research.

Despite improvements in gender equity within higher education nationally, underrepresentation in women's leadership persists in Christian higher education. As women in leadership navigate the context of member institutions of the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities (CCCU), characteristics of evangelical culture (e.g., theological views of gender, traditional gender role expectations) may at times impede these relationships across gender; however, some evidence has suggested that women who attained a presidency within a CCCU institution have identified male advocates to be influential in their leadership journeys. The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of men who had been identified by women presidents of CCCU institutions as having been advocates in their leadership identity development and journeys. This article explored the findings of a hermeneutic phenomenological analysis of data from interviews with 14 male participants nominated by women presidents of CCCU institutions across North America. The findings of this study centered on three themes: (a) the pursuit of theological congruence, (b) gender blind, the double bind, and being first, and (c) pragmatism and persuasion. Based on these findings, the interdependence of organizational culture, self-awareness, and the social construction of a leadership identity through reciprocal relationships was discussed. Implications for practice include recommendations for evaluating institutional contexts and personal biases, as well as cultivating reciprocal relationships between women and men.

This article presents findings from a recent study conducted at a Christian university exploring the spiritual leadership encounters undergraduate students described having with faculty and staff members. University students today face a myriad of challenges ranging from aspects of mental health to finding purpose and meaning in life. As a result, many university decision-makers are seeking ways to improve campus experiences that help meet the needs of their students and increase student engagement, retention, and graduation rates. Spiritual leadership theory is a relatively new theory in leadership studies that has been validated in several studies in various fields. However, there is limited research exploring spiritual leadership in a university context. The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological research study was to explore the lived experience of undergraduate university students with spiritual leadership encounters while attending a university. The data revealed that the spiritual leadership encounters students in this study had with faculty and staff members resulted in several positive experiences, including feelings of being cared for, feeling supported, developing a sense of community, and increased academic motivation. Recommendations for the future include encouraging university decision-makers to explore the potential benefits of integrating the spiritual leadership framework into current pedagogical practices. The information presented here may help practitioners of the spiritual leadership model in classrooms, residential halls, and other university settings to potentially experience similar benefits with the undergraduate students they teach and lead.

Background: State-level leadership and conditions are instrumental to local and regional comprehensive school mental health system (CSMHS) quality, sustainability, and growth. However, systematic documentation of state-level school mental health (SMH) policy, infrastructure, funding, and practice is limited. Methods: Using a multi-phase, multi-method process, we developed the State School Mental Health Profile (State Profile) to offer a comprehensive landscape of state SMH efforts. State leaders in 25 states completed the State Profile once over a 3-year data collection period. Mixed methods results are reported in 8 domains. Results: State education agencies were reportedly most involved in SMH technical assistance, advocacy, leadership, funding, and service provision, with mental health agencies reported as second most involved. Nearly half of state respondents reported having a state-level SMH director or coordinator. Policies with the greatest perceived impact require implementation of and funding for SMH services and supports. Despite leveraging multiple sources of funding, most states emphasized lack of funding as a primary barrier to establishing CSMHSs. All states reported staffing shortages. Conclusion: The State Profile can assist multi-agency state leadership teams to self-assess policy, infrastructure, and resources to support CSMHSs statewide. Findings point to areas of opportunity to advance equity across resource allocation, service provision, and policy development.

The purpose of this comparative case study research project was to identify the characteristics and practices utilized by the senior leadership teams (SLTs) at two CCCU institutions that had been highly rated in terms of confidence levels from the faculty/staff based on data gathered in ModernThink's "Great Colleges to Work For" annual survey, as published in "The Chronicle of Higher Education". Because the COVID-19 crisis was current and impacting all institutions of higher education, these SLTs were selected to address the research question "What have been the characteristics and practices of highly rated senior leadership teams as they guided their institutions in navigating the COVID-19 crisis?" During one campus visit to each of two locations, a research team of three gathered data through 36 face-to-face interviews, direct observations, and document review. Study findings add to the literature by addressing gaps related to SLTs in the field of higher education, as identified by Kezar et al. This research project is the first "test" of the model of Kezar and colleagues, applying it to a study of two teams to assess which of the eight key elements of SLTs were most prominently identified among the perceptions and experiences of team members. Four unique primary themes emerged from the process of data analysis: (a) designing teams to develop significant levels of trust, (b) prioritizing shared team mission and institutional vision, (c) affirming strong presidential leadership that authentically empowers others, and (d) emphasizing clarity throughout crisis. This study extends the research on higher education SLTs and presents several implications and opportunities for further research.

The 42 school districts participating in the state of Washington's Inclusionary Practices Project achieved a significant 12.8% increase in inclusion in the least restrictive environment (LRE 1, or in general education for 80-100% of the school day) over four years, surpassing the state average increase of 6.8%. Katie Novak and Helene Paroff highlight the importance of leadership, collaboration, progress assessment, and continuous professional learning to the success of the project. The project challenges the perception that inclusion is limited to special education and underscores the role of executive sponsorship. Above all, the work provides valuable insights for replicating and creating inclusive environments in other education systems.

Defining leadership and student leader identity often brings a complex and complicated reality for Black students in higher education settings. Leadership identity, models, and practices are often grounded in Whiteness, heteronormativity, and cis-heteropatriarchy, which causes complex ways of understanding leadership. Thus, the purpose of this research is to explore how Black gay, bisexual, and queer men (BGBQM) redefine leadership as resistance and nuanced activism within Black male1 initiatives (BMI) and Men of Color (MoC) mentorship programs, given their Blackness and queerness identities. Using arts-based research (ABR) methodology, this research explores the following research questions: (1) How do BGBQM define masculinity and queerness and (2) how do BGBQM experience and enact nuanced activism in challenging heteronormativity and cis-heteropatriarchy in BMI and MoC mentorship programs? Findings are presented in a podcast script format to illuminate how these men center queerness and femininity, while challenging hegemonic masculinity and heteronormative notions of leadership engagement and development within BMI and MoC mentorship program settings.

The aim of this study is to explore what happened -- and why -- in a collaboration between ourselves as researchers and school leaders from two different schools in Sweden. The theory of practice architectures is used to frame the study. The goal of the collaboration was to enhance the scientific foundation of school practices, which motivated the use of action research as the methodological approach for designing the collaboration. The results allow us to propose a number of critical aspects to take into consideration when establishing a collaboration between researchers and school leaders. The first aspect concerns aiming for "co-ownership" and an "equivalent collaboration." These involve trustful and respectful relations, empowering individuals in their professional roles. The second aspect is linked to attention to "local infrastructures" and the importance of organisational settings that facilitate a holistic approach and a shared understanding of the aims of both the research and the collaboration. The third and final aspect is related to "school leaders' legitimacy to organise research-based school improvements." School leaders are responsible for educational quality in schools, and this makes them best suited for leading school improvements. However, theoretical frameworks and methods introduced by researchers can support the ambition to enhance the scientific foundation of school practices. We advocate the development of practices inhabited by school practitioners and school researchers within the "educational complex." In addition, we promote the creation of healthy environments in the form of arrangements that create spaces where equivalent collaborations, shared responsibility and co-ownership may grow.

Courses Leadership, Strategic Communication, and courses within communication that include a complex group assignment. Objectives The Zombie Apocalypse (ZA) learning activity is part of a second-year course in an international master's program. The course introduces students to key concepts in strategic communication and leadership and encourages students to apply these in practice. The ZA aims to 1) prepares students for undertaking a complex group assignment (develop a strategic communications concept) in a diverse group. Specifically, it concentrates on the following objectives: assess priorities, challenge own values and perspectives, experience challenges of planning and acting with limited information, understand the importance of delegation and trust in teamwork, reflect upon emotional responses and their impact on performance under time pressure. By that, the ZA is not limited to strategic communication and leadership courses. It is suited to prepare students for complex group assignments in a wide variety of communications courses.

In a post-pandemic context, the need for leadership students to navigate ambiguous conditions and examine their automatic responses to authority has increased. Yet, common approaches to teaching leadership, such as group discussions and simulations, overlook the potential for using development spaces as living laboratories. This article explores three emergent-based pedagogies (group relations, case-in-point, and intentional emergence) that de-center the instructor, prioritize co-creation and emergence, and provide living laboratories for students to examine their assumptions and default behaviors related to leadership.

In response to the 2016 election of Donald J. Trump and calls for antiracist action from activists and communities of color, our Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) program embarked on a process of curriculum revision. In this article, we describe our efforts to center critical and Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) scholarship and to better align our curriculum with the experiences of students of color. While we have drawn from feminist and critical race theories, we have also borrowed concepts from literatures not typically associated with antiracism work, such as policy implementation and leadership/management. We present our ongoing work as a case study of, and methodology for, systematic social work curriculum change to promote racial equity and justice.

Holistic review is widely practiced in graduate admissions. However, despite its prevalence, there is a need to understand how practitioners approach holistic graduate admissions, how its practice relates to institutional priorities, and its potential implications for equitable access to graduate education. This exploratory mixed method study captures the perspectives of graduate enrollment management (GEM) professionals on the (a) consideration of applicants' personal attributes for evaluating their potential for graduate degree completion, and (b) alignment between applicants' personal attributes with strategic institutional priorities. Applicants' professionalism and integrity were reported most important when evaluating applicants' potential for graduate degree completion. Applicants' multicultural competency was reported most important for the institutional priority of increasing graduate student diversity. Participants' overarching perception of holistic review was that it provides important flexibility during the application evaluation process. Implications for practice are discussed including the need for institutions to (a) make the consideration of applicants' personal attributes transparent to applicants by defining the attributes and aligning required application materials to these attributes and (b) create internal methodologies to ensure reliable and consistent evaluation of applications.

Purpose: The lateral feedback seeking literature has primarily examined lower-level employees' feedback seeking from peers. Thus, the authors still know very little about feedback seeking when the leader is the "seeker" and peers are the "targets" of such seeking. The purpose of this paper is to expand existing discussions on lateral feedback seeking by discussing the types of feedback leaders may seek out from their peers. Design/methodology/approach: The views presented here have been derived from the authors' personal opinions on the topic of feedback seeking and a review of the academic and practitioner literature on feedback seeking. Findings: The viewpoint suggests that leaders may engage in two forms of feedback seeking from peers -- performance and growth feedback seeking -- with each type of feedback seeking holding relevance to leader effectiveness. Originality/value: Challenging previous research that argues that leaders may avoid seeking feedback from peers, this viewpoint suggests that leaders may seek feedback from peers because they stand to benefit from doing so.

Using a Critical Race framework, researchers conducted semi-structured interviews to explore how educational leaders across Texas have made meaning of the impact of George Floyd on their practices. Findings from this study add to the literature by examining administrators' reflections on race, racism, and their impact on their approaches to leadership. The four of the most prominent themes that emerged from this qualitative study, including Increased Critical Self Awareness and Reflection, Critical Awareness Influencing Decision Making, Disconnect Between What is Known, What is said, and What is practiced, and Racial Battle Fatigue. Despite the resolute and rampant backlash against Critical Race Theory, the findings from this study underscore its relevance to education. Implications of these findings beseech educational leaders and policymakers to consider implementing professional development and accountability measures that center race in educational equity.

Purpose: This paper aims to conceptualize the role of leadership in organizational learning processes in multinational companies (MNCs). The authors present a model describing how managers in an MNC facilitated transitions between sub-processes of organizational learning at several organizational levels. Design/methodology/approach: The authors collected data from the plants of a global process company in Norway, Brazil and China. Observation, in-depth interviews and archival material enabled one to reconstruct the organizational learning process over a period of 30 years as the company developed its own tailor-made improvement programme. Findings: Based on the data, the authors describe the role of leadership in linking the sub-processes of organizational learning as orchestration, sponsoring and persistence. Orchestration included creating faith and optimism and designing the organization to allow close cooperation between operators and managers in the sub-process of experimenting. This eased transferring and institutionalizing in the global organization. Sponsoring included structural changes to support transferring and the demonstration of dedication to improvement programme values. These factors were important for institutionalizing. Persistence involved the continuous focus on adjustment of the improvement programme, which then facilitated further experimenting. Originality/value: Firstly, this study suggests that activities and decisions in one sub-process have important implications for the following sub-processes. Secondly, this study indicates that leaders' role in facilitating the transitions between sub-processes extend beyond their individual traits and behaviour, which previous research had focused on, and includes decisions concerning organizational structure and culture that help link social and organizational learning.